Analysis Of The Three Financial Models Free Essays

Presentation Liquidation alludes to the condition of a person who can't pay their obligations and against whom an insolvency request has been made by a court. Such requests deny bankrupts of their property, which is then used to pay their obligations. Liquidation procedures are begun by a request, which might be introduced to the court by (1) a loan boss or leasers; (2) an individual influenced by a willful game plan to pay obligations set up by the indebted person under the Insolvency Act 1986; (3) the Director of Public Prosecutions; or (4) the account holder. We will compose a custom paper test on Examination Of The Three Financial Models or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now (Smullen and Hand, 2003). In the event that we expect that an organization is a different legitimate substance along these lines qualifying as a lawful individual, we can receive the above definition to characterize chapter 11 with regards to the partnership or corporate liquidation as the condition of a company that can't pay its obligations and against which insolvency request has been made by a court. (Smullen and Hand, 2003). Examination of the models for anticipating liquidation. There are three principle ways to deal with foreseeing liquidation which include: bookkeeping systematic methodology, alternative hypothetical methodology and the measurable methodology. Becchetti and Sierra (2002: p. 2100).â Under the measurable methodology corporate disappointment hazard is investigated through four generally known techniques which utilize monetary record proportions: straight or quadratic segregate examination, calculated relapse investigation, probit relapse investigation and neural system investigation. For the motivations behind this paper we will confine our examination to three essential money related models, which incorporate the Z-Score model, the discriminant model and the Black-Scholes-Merton Probability. We additionally portray the utilization of these models in partnerships. 1. The Z-Score Bankruptcy Prediction Model The Z-score expectation model was created by Altman in 1968. (Grice and Ingram, 2001: p. 53). The Z-score model applies multivariate discriminant examination (MDA) and utilizes money related proportions as information factors to anticipate monetary trouble. (Tzeng et al, 2007: p. 297). As indicated by Grice and Ingram (2001: p. 53), Altman (1968) utilized an example of 33 non-bankrupt assembling firms from 1946-1965. Grice and Ingram (2001) attest that in spite of the way that the z-score model display high precision rates utilizing both estimation and hold-out examples, (95% and 84%), its generalizability to businesses and periods outside of those in the first example has gotten little consideration. This model has be broadly utilized in an assortment of enterprises to assess money related states of firms and it is ceaselessly being utilized in numerous business circumstances including insolvency forecast and other monetary pressure conditions. Grice and Ingram (2001) completed a test on the z-score model based three essential tests which incorporate the model’s capacity to foresee liquidation today instead of periods in which it was created, the helpfulness of the model in anticipating chapter 11 in non-producing just as assembling firms and its capacity to anticipate insolvency in money related pressure conditions other than liquidation. Their discoveries show that in spite of the fact that the model is valuable in anticipating chapter 11 just as other money related conditions, the models exactness is fundamentally lower in ongoing periods than that detailed in the first work by Altman (1968).Grice and Ingram (2001) additionally find noteworthy contrasts in the model’s coefficients from those announced by Altman. In view of these discoveries, Grice and Ingram (2001) recommend that better precision can be accomplished by re-evaluating the model coefficients utilizing estimation from periods near trials. Furthermore Grice and Altman (2001) find that the incorporating non-fabricating firms in the example, further debilitates the precision of the model. 1.1 Application of the Z-Score model Business banks utilize the model as a major aspect of the occasional credit audit process; venture investors utilize the model in security and portfolio investigation. It has been utilized as an administration choice instrument and as an investigation apparatus by evaluators to survey their clients’ capacities to proceed as going concerns (Grice and Ingram, 2001: p. 53). 2. The Black-Scholes-Merton Model. As indicated by Reisz and Perlich (2007) after from Black and Scholes (1973) and Merton (1974), the normal load of a firm can be viewed as a standard call choice on the fundamental resources of the firm. It is accepted that investors have offered the organization to banks, and hold the alternative of repurchasing it by paying assumed worth (in addition to enthusiasm) of their obligation commitments. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). Then again, utilizing put/call equality, we can consider investors to be holding the firm’s resources (purchased subsequent to getting cash from lenders) just as a put alternative with practice value equivalent to the assumed worth equivalent to estimation of obligation. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). In the occasion where the where the firm worth is underneath the activity value, that is, the place the cost of the firm is beneath the presumptive worth of the obligation at development, investors can unreservedly work leave without reimbursing their obligation commitments. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). This is like offering the firm to the bondholers at the assumed worth of the obligation. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). Reisz and Perlich, (2007: p. 2) affirms that such a value based valuation model can prompt better liquidation expectations. In an examination by Hillegeist et al. (2004), it was discovered that the probabilities of insolvency pulled out from the a Black-Scholes-Merton auxiliary model are up to multiple times progressively instructive that ones surmised from bookkeeping based measurements, for example, the Altman (1968) Z-score. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 2). Anyway in spite of the benefits of this Black-Scholes-Merton model, it doesn't give any method of reasoning to watched administrative (limited) hazard decisions. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 3). Also, probabilities of default (PDs) originating from this structure are miscalibrated. (Reisz and Perlich, 2007: p. 3). 3. The Mutiple Discriminant Model Numerous discriminant investigation (MDA) is a measurable strategy utilized in the order of a perception into one of a few from the earlier groupings, subordinate upon the observation’s singular qualities. It is principally valuable in the order and additionally forecast in issues where the needy variable shows up in subjective structure for instance, male or female, bankrupt or non-bankrupt. In this manner the initial step is to set up unequivocal gathering characterizations. The quantity of unique groupings might be at least two. The MDA model is worthwhile in that it considers the whole profile of qualities regular to the applicable firms, just as the collaboration of these properties. On the other hand, a univariate study can just consider the estimation utilized for gathering assignments each in turn. Another significant bit of leeway of the MDA model is the decrease of the analyst’s space dimensionality.â When investigating a far reaching rundown of money related proportions in surveying a firm’s chapter 11 potential, there is motivation to accept that a portion of the estimations will have a serious extent of collinearity or relationship with one another. (Altman, 1968). 3.1 Application of Multiple Discriminant Model Following its first application during the 1930s, the MDA model has been utilized in numerous investigations and controls. In its previous days it was utilized uniquely in Biology and conduct sciences. Today, the model has been applied effectively in budgetary issues, for example, credit assessment and speculation grouping. For instance, Walter utilized the model to arrange high and low value profit proportion firms, and Smith applied the model in the characterization of firms into standard speculation classifications. Catalog A market-based structure for insolvency expectation. Alexander S. Reisz and Claudia Perlich. Diary of Financial Stability, 2007, Pages 1-47. A genuine esteemed hereditary calculation to upgrade the boundaries of help vector machine for anticipating chapter 11. Chih-Hung Wu Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng Yeong-Jia Goo  Wen-Chang Fang. Master Systems with Applications Volume 32, 2007 Pages 397â€408 â€Å"Bankruptcy†Ã‚  A Dictionary of Finance and Banking. John Smullen and Nicholas Hand. Oxford University Press 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.  â http://www.oxfordreference.com/sees/ENTRY.html?subview=Mainentry=t20.e278 Insolvency chance and beneficial productivity in assembling firms. Leonardo Becchetti and Jaime Sierra Journal of Banking Finance, Volume 27, Issue 11, November 2003, Pages 2099-2120 Trial of the generalizability of Altman’s insolvency expectation model. John Stephen Grice and Robert W. Ingram. Diary of Business Research Volume 54, 2001 Pages 53-61. Money related Ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy. Edward I Altman. Diary of Finance, Volume 27, Issue 4, September 1968, Pages 589-689. Step by step instructions to refer to Analysis Of The Three Financial Models, Essay models

Toltec Empire - Semi-Mythical Legend of the Aztecs

Toltec Empire - Semi-Mythical Legend of the Aztecs The Toltecs and the Toltec Empire is a semi-legendary legend announced by the Aztecs that seems to have had some reality in prehispanic Mesoamerica. In any case, the proof for its reality as a social substance is clashing and conflicting. The realm, if that is what it was (and it most likely was not), has been at the core of a longstanding discussion in paleohistory: where is the old city of Tollan, a city portrayed by the Aztecs in oral and pictorial narratives as the focal point of all craftsmanship and insight? What's more, who were the Toltecs, the incredible leaders of this great city? The Aztec Myth Aztec oral accounts and their enduring codexes portray the Toltecs as savvy, enlightened, rich urban peopleâ who lived in Tollan, a city loaded up with structures made of jade and gold. The Toltecs, said the antiquarians, designed all expressions of the human experience and studies of Mesoamerica, including the Mesoamerican schedule; they were driven by their savvy ruler Quetzalcoatl. For the Aztecs, the Toltec head was the perfect ruler, a respectable warrior who was found out in the history and religious obligations of Tollan, and had the characteristics of military and business initiative. The Toltec rulers drove a warrior society that incorporated a tempest god (Aztec Tlaloc or Maya Chaac), with Quetzalcoatl at the core of the inception fantasy. The Aztec chiefs guaranteed they were relatives of the Toltec heads, setting up a semi-divine option to run the show. The Myth of Quetzalcoatl The Aztec records of the Toltec legend state that Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl [reported by the Aztecs in the fifteenth century to have been conceived in the year 1 Reed, 843 AD and kicked the bucket 52 years after the fact in the year 1 Reed, 895], was an astute, old humble lord who showed his kin to compose and quantify time, to work gold, jade and quills, to develop cotton, color it and mesh it into astonishing mantles, and to raise maize and cacao. He manufactured four houses for fasting and petition and a sanctuary with wonderful sections cut with snake reliefs. Be that as it may, his devotion energized outrage among the magicians of Tollan, who were determined to obliterating his kin. The alchemists fooled Quetzalcoatl into tanked conduct that disgraced him so he fled east, arriving at the edge of the ocean. There, wearing awesome plumes and a turquoise cover, he consumed himself and rose into the sky, turning into the morning star. Aztec accounts dont all concur: in any event one says that Quetzalcoatl wrecked Tollan as he left, covering all the glorious things and consuming everything else. He changed the cacao trees to mesquite and sent the fowls to Anahuac, another amazing area at the edge of the water. The story as described by Bernardino Sahagunwho surely had his own agendasays that Quetzalcoatl formed a pile of snakes and cruised over the ocean. Sahagun was a Spanish Franciscan minister, and he and different recorders are today accepted to have made the legend partner Quetzalcoatl with the conquistador Cortesbut that is another story. Toltecs and Desirã ©e Charnay The site of Tula in Hidalgo state was first likened with Tollan in the archeological sense in the late nineteenth centurythe Aztecs were irresolute about which set of remains was Tollan, in spite of the fact that Tula was absolutely one. French expeditionary picture taker Desirã ©e Charnay fund-raised to follow the unbelievable excursion of Quetzalcoatl from Tula eastbound to the Yucatan landmass. At the point when he showed up at the Maya capital of Chichã ©n Itz, he saw snake segments and a ball court ring that helped him to remember those he had seen at Tula, 1300 kilometers (800 miles) northwest of Chichen. Charnay had perused the sixteenth century Aztec accounts and noticed that the Toltec were thought by the Aztecs to have made human progress, and he deciphered the structural and expressive likenesses to imply that the capital city of the Toltecsâ was Tula, with Chichen Itza its remote and vanquished state; and by the 1940s, a greater part of archeologists did as well. Yet, since that time, archeological and authentic proof has demonstrated that to be risky. Issues, and a Trait List There are bunches of issues attempting to relate Tula or some other explicit arrangement of remnants as Tollan. Tula was genuinely huge yet it didnt have a lot of authority over its nearby neighbors, not to mention significant distances. Teotihuacan, which unquestionably was enormous enough to be figured a realm, was a distant memory by the ninth century. There are loads of spots all through Mesoamerica with etymological references to Tula or Tollan or Tullin or Tulan: Tollan Chollolan is the complete name for Cholula, for instance, which has some Toltec angles. The word appears to mean something like spot of reeds. What's more, despite the fact that the trademark characteristics recognized as Toltec show up at numerous locales along the Gulf Coast and somewhere else, there isnt much proof for military success; the reception of Toltec attributes seems to have been particular, instead of forced. Characteristics recognized as Toltec incorporate sanctuaries with colonnaded exhibitions; tablud-tablero design; chacmools and ball courts; alleviation models with different renditions of the legendary Quetzalcoatl puma snake feathered creature symbol; and help pictures of ruthless creatures and raptorial winged creatures holding human hearts. There are likewise atlantean columns with pictures of men in the Toltec military outfit (additionally observed in chacmools): wearing pillbox protective caps and butterfly-molded pectorals and conveying atlatls. There is additionally a type of government that is a piece of the Toltec bundle, a chamber based government as opposed to an incorporated majesty, however where that emerged is anybodys surmise. A portion of the Toltec characteristics can be followed to the Early Classic time frame, of fourth century AD or much prior. Current Thinking It appears to be certain that despite the fact that there is no genuine agreement among the archeological network about the presence of a solitary Tollan or a particular Toltec Empire that can be distinguished, there was a between provincial progression of thoughts all through Mesoamerica that archeologists have named Toltec. Its conceivable, maybe likely, that quite a bit of that progression of thoughts came to fruition as a side-effect of the foundation of between territorial exchange systems, exchange systems including such materials as obsidian and salt which were built up by the fourth century AD (and most likely a lot prior) yet truly got going after the fall of Teotihuacan in 750 AD. Along these lines, the word Toltec ought to be expelled from the word realm, positively: and maybe the most ideal approach to take a gander at the idea is as a Toltec perfect, a craftsmanship style, reasoning and type of government that went about as the commendable focus of such was great and yearned for by the Aztecs, a perfect resounded at different destinations and societies all through Mesoamerica. Sources This article is a piece of the About.com manual for Aztecs, and part of the Dictionary of Archeology. The gathered articles in Kowaleski and Kristan-Graham (2011), in view of a Dumbarton Oaks conference, are enthusiastically suggested for getting a grip on the Toltecs. Berdan FF. 2014. Aztec Archeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press. Coggins C. 2002. Toltec. RES: Anthropology and Esthetics 42(Autumn, 2002):34-85. Gillespie S. 2011. Toltics, Tula, and Chichã ©n Itz: The Development of an Archeological Myth. In: Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. Twin Tollans: Chichã ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. p 85-127. Kepecs SM. 2011. Chichã ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic/Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World System. In: Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. Twin Tollans: Chichã ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. p 130-151. Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C. 2007. Chichã ©n Itz, Tula and Tollan: Chaning Perspectives on a Recurring Problem in Mesoamerican Archeology and Art History. In: Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. Twin Tollans: Chichã ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. p 13-83. Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. 2011. Twin Tollans: Chichã ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. Ringle WM, Gallareta Negron T, and Bey GJ. 1998. The arrival of Quetzalcoatl: Evidence for the spread of a world religion during the Epiclassic time frame. Old Mesoamerica 9:183-232. Smith ME. 2016. Toltec Empire. In: MacKenzie JM, manager. The Encyclopedia of Empire. London: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Smith ME. 2011. The Aztecs, third release. Oxford: Blackwell. Smith ME. 2003. Remarks on the accuracy of Topoilzin Quetzalcoatl, Tollan, and the Toltecs. Nahua Newsletter.

How to Write a Public Policy Paper

How to Write a Public Policy PaperThere are a number of factors to consider when you are writing a public policy paper. These include who the audience is, what sort of audience they are, the types of topics that are likely to be discussed, and your personal preference.When you are looking at how to write a public policy paper, you must begin by considering the audience. What is it that you would like to achieve by writing the paper? Do you intend it to be read by individuals from other parts of government, or a more local audience, or a wider audience? Whatever your aims for writing the paper you must take these factors into account.Firstly, you must ensure that the purpose of the policy paper is clearly stated. It should be clear to all who read it why the paper is being written. How will you get your message across? In what ways is it likely to be received? What is it that you hope to achieve with the paper?Secondly, when you are looking at how to write a public policy paper, you m ust consider the topic or subject matter of the paper. It is essential that you make your paper as specific as possible, because this will be what the audience will most easily understand. If you have a certain type of issue, for example, that you wish to highlight, then it is likely that they will only understand this topic if you make sure that your paper is written in this manner. This means that the paper should be organized around a particular theme.Thirdly, you must ensure that the paper does not contain any inaccuracies. The audience will be more likely to read an article that has been thoroughly researched and fact checked. You will also find that by researching your topic that you can gather more facts and thus make your ideas more reliable. The audience will be more likely to follow the research if the facts are well founded.Fourthly, one final point of importance is to ensure that the paper is written as clearly as possible. This is so important that it deserves its own p aragraph. As you consider how to write a public policy paper, ensure that all your points are as clear as possible. It is imperative that your paper has no redundancies, no unnecessary jargon, and no grammatical errors. This will go along way to helping you achieve your goal.Finally, when you are looking at how to write a public policy paper, consider the use of language. Your audience will only be interested in your public policy paper if they are able to understand and follow what you have written.By now you should have some idea as to how to write a public policy paper. Remember that you must be clear about what you are trying to achieve and you must be able to communicate clearly to the audience.

Stem Cells And Its Effect On The Body Essay - 2078 Words

Stem cells can be used to create different cells in the body. All stem cells can divide overtime to create another stem cell or a new type of cell which will have a more specialized role in the body. These new cells can function in different areas in the body and create different types of tissues such as a muscle tissue, a kidney tissue, a skin tissue, a lung tissue, and a brain tissue. There are different types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Embryonic stem cells which can be taken from the embryo. According to the National Institutes of Health (2016), â€Å"Embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos. Most embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos that develop from eggs that have been fertilized in vitro and then donated for research purposes with informed consent of the donors.† These cells can develop and form any tissues in a living organism. The adult stem cells are cells of the body. The National Institutes of Health 92016) states â€Å"The adult stem cell can renew itself and can differentiate to yield some or all of the major specialized cell types of the tissue or organ. The primary roles of these cells are to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found.† The adult stem cells are found in many tissues and organ systems in children and adults. Lastly, the induced pluripotent stem cells are genetically modified and reprogramed cells to embryonic stem cells. They are divided and grown in a laboratoryShow MoreRelatedStem Cells And Its Effects On The Body885 Words   |  4 Pages Stem cells have remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types during early life and growth in the body. Different tissues serve as all sorts of internal repair systems, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or even animal are still alive. When stem cells can divide, they can turn into new cells and have the potential either to remain a stem cell, or become another type of cell with a more specialized function. A cell with a specializedRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effect On The Human Body1407 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Stem cells are unspecialized cells of a multicellular organism and it has capability changing into any type cell. When stem cells divides, the new cell has the potential of choosing whether to stay a stem cell or turn into any type of specialized such as: skin cells, neurons, muscle cells and many more. Stem cells have no specific function but are special in their own way. In the early stage of the development, stem cells have the extraordinary potential to develop into any type of cell in theRead MoreThe Effects Of Stem Cell On The Human Body2802 Words   |  12 Pagesincurable but embryotic stem cells may hold the cure. With that said, many researchers in the medical field have become quite involved in the study of stem cells. A stem cell is an immature cell that has the potential to become specialized into different types of cells throughout the body. There are two different types of stem cells: adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. These cells are important because they hav e the ability to repair damaged tissue in the human body. Although they are bothRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effects On The Human Body998 Words   |  4 PagesStem cells are undifferentiated cells that have potential to be developed into many different specialized cell types, such as skin cells, bone cells, muscle cells, and many more. Stem cells used in research today derive from mainly two sources, embryos from the blastocyst phase of embryological development, known as embryonic stem cells, and adult tissue, known as adult stem cells (â€Å"Stem Cell Basics†). Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are roughly five-days-old, when it is in theRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effect On The Body During The Initial Process Of Growth And Development2750 Words   |  11 PagesStem cells develop itself into various types of cells inside the body during the initial process of growth and development. Coupled with it, stem cells also play the role of an internal recovery syst em, in which it replicates itself limitlessly to stocks up the rest of the cells till the individual remains alive. When a stem cell multiplies itself, every new cell produced has the ability to perform the functions of a stem cell or may become some other sort of cell with greater and better well versedRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell1680 Words   |  7 Pageslife, cells make up every organ and body part of a living organism. Among various types of cells of human bodies, a stem cell can turn into any type of specialized cell of human body. A stem cell is a cell that has the ability to develop into any conceivable different kind of specialized cell type. The existence of a stem cell was first discovered by Drs. James Till and Ernset McCulloch from Canada. A stem cell can be distinguished into two types: adult stem cell and embryonic stem cell. An embryonicRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cells Or No?1006 Words   |  5 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cells or No? Did you know that since 1981, researchers have been removing embryonic stem cells from thousands of embryos to create cells that could potentially save people from diseases? How many patients do you think this has helped since then? Hundreds? Thousands? Wrong. In fact, not one â€Å"cure† has been found to help people with Parkinson’s, cancer, heart disease and so many more rare diseases that it is said to be able to help. Embryonic stem cell research has been an issue inRead MoreStem Cell Research Should Not Be Allowed1170 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of stem cells. Many people think stem cell research should not be allowed, due to the fact that researchers mostly use stem cells from embryos. But, if an eight year old boy’s life can be extended or even saved through the stem cell surgery, the research using stem cells should continue. In 1978, an important discovery was uncovered in our medical world; stem cells were recognized in human cord blood (Murnaghan, â€Å"History of Stem Cell Research† N.p). With the discovery of stem cells, researchersRead MoreStem Cells Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells are used every day throughout the United States to help cure diseases and save lives. Stem cells can also be used to study labor defects so that future birth deficiencies can be prevented or reversed. Although as a college student starting a family may not be on your mind yet, it is always beneficial to educate yourself on current trends and new discoveries in stem cell research. Andres Travino and his wife were excited when their son Andy was born ten years ago. Andy prayed and hopedRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1665 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells have advanced the way researchers look at curing what were once considered untreatable diseases. Modern technology has played a key role in the discovering of these stem cells and how they are used in the body. Many argue that the use of adult and embryonic cells is unethical and inhumane to society, however, there is one point taken into consideration when making that statement; if researchers could develop a cure for a disease that was affecting a family member of those who oppose it

Bopomofo Chinese Phonetic System

Chinese characters can be a major stumbling block for students of Mandarin. There are thousands of characters and the only way to learn their meaning and pronunciation is by rote. Fortunately, there are phonetic systems that aid in the study of Chinese characters. The phonetics are used in textbooks and dictionaries so that students can begin associating sounds and meanings with specific characters. Pinyin The most common phonetic system is Pinyin. It is used to teach Mainland Chinese school children, and it is also widely used by foreigners learning Mandarin as a second language. Pinyin is a Romanization system. It uses the Roman alphabet to represent the sounds of spoken Mandarin. The familiar letters make Pinyin look easy. However, many of the Pinyin pronunciations are quite different from the English alphabet. For example, the Pinyin c is pronounced with a ts sound. Bopomofo Pinyin is certainly not the only phonetic system for Mandarin. There are other Romanization systems, and then there is Zhuyin Fuhao, otherwise known as Bopomofo. Zhuyin Fuhao uses symbols which are based on Chinese characters to represent the sounds of spoken Mandarin. These are the same sounds which are represented by Pinyin, and in fact there is a one-to-one correspondence between Pinyin and Zhuyin Fuhao. The first four symbols of Zhuyin Fuhao are bo po mo fo (pronounced buh puh muh fuh), which gives the common name Bopomofo – sometimes shortened to bopomo. Bopomofo is used in Taiwan to teach school children, and it is also a popular input method for writing Chinese characters on computers and handheld devices such as cell phones. Children’s books and teaching materials in Taiwan almost always have Bopomofo symbols printed next to the Chinese characters. It is also used in dictionaries. Advantages of Bopomofo Bopomofo symbols are based on Chinese characters, and in some cases they are identical. Learning Bopomofo, therefore, gives Mandarin students a head start to reading and writing Chinese. Sometimes students who start learning Mandarin Chinese with Pinyin become too dependent on it, and once characters are introduced they are at a loss.   Another important advantage to Bopomofo is its status as an independent phonetic system. Unlike Pinyin or other Romanization systems, Bopomofo symbols cannot be confused with other pronunciations. The main disadvantage to Romanization is that students often have preconceived ideas about the pronunciation of the Roman alphabet. For example, the Pinyin letter â€Å"q† has a â€Å"ch† sound, and it can take some effort to make this association. On the other hand, the Bopomofo symbol ã„‘ is not associated with any other sound than its Mandarin pronunciation. Computer Input Computer keyboards with Zhuyin Fuhao symbols are available. This makes it fast and efficient to input Chinese characters using a Chinese Character IME (Input Method Editor) like the one included with Windows XP. The Bopomofo input method can be used with or without tone marks. Characters are input by spelling the sound, followed by either the tone mark or the space bar. A list of candidate characters appears. Once a character is selected from this list, another list of commonly used characters may pop up. Only In Taiwan Zhuyin Fuhao was developed in the early 20th century. In the 1950s, Mainland China switched over to Pinyin as its official phonetic system, although some dictionaries from the Mainland still include Zhuyin Fuhao symbols. Taiwan continues to use Bopomofo for teaching school children. Taiwanese teaching material aimed at foreigners usually uses Pinyin, but there are a few publications for adults which use Bopomofo. Zhuyin Fuhao is also used for some of Taiwans Aboriginal languages. Bopomofo and Pinyin Comparison Table Zhuyin Pinyin b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s a o e ai ei ao ou an en ang eng er i u u

Censorship of Music Limiting One’s Rights Essay - 1072 Words

Music has been under scrutiny on behalf of censorship for decades. Censorship is defined as an authorization to examine material and to remove or suppress what is considered morally, politically, or otherwise objectionable. Lyrics are essential to nearly everything in music; its poems, ballads, monologues, etc. They may take the form of actual spoken or sung sounds or of written words, as literature does. Without the musical component, you’re left with literature and words; this leaves the heated debate as to whether music should be censored or not. Music should be used as an expression of freedom and should not be overtly scrutinized as to what is appropriate because it is simply futile and a violation of freedom of speech†¦show more content†¦This is an example of the government being overbearing and limiting musical freedoms. The question of what constitutes as suitable language and obscenity has been greatly forced upon the music industry. The current labeling of parental advisory warnings consists of a black and white logo fixed on the cover of an album on the bottom right hand corner. For all the controversy these stickers stir up, do they really serve a practical purpose for protecting the young people of this nation? And, is this another example of the government mandating our lives rather than â€Å"protecting† us from indecency? The censorship of music can have much more negative effects than positive ones for songs can be extremely taken out of context. Music is almost always construed and misinterpreted with the true gist of a song to fit a person’s accusations. The problem with this is that the individuals (usually parents and politicians) who have an outcry over lyrics are frequently the same group tries to use music to fault the problems of society’s actions upon. Most of us have all heard the stories about the anguished parents of a child who unfortunately has taken their own life, and then in the after effects the parents or their lawyers would attack a band or musician who wrote a song about suicide or killing someone else. This is also the case for people using music as the template for society becoming more violent. For example, in the aftermathShow MoreRelatedStudies in Contemporary Literature: Free Speech1622 Words   |  7 Pages Censorship is the suppression of speech or other public communication which may be considered objectable, harmful, sensitive, politically incorrect or inconvenient as determined as determined by the government, media outlet, or other controlling bodies (Wikipedia, 1). 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Separate Peace Responsibility Essay Example For Students

Separate Peace: Responsibility Essay A Separate Peace: ResponsibilityA responsibility is something for which one is held accountable. Often people say that one is responsible for one’s own words and actions; if something happens as a result of something one does one is responsible for it. But is it possible that something could be the result of various actions from different people who are therefore equally responsible, or is there always one person who is most responsible for the incident at hand? Such a situation where this question is relevant is present in the novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles. In the novel, the main character, Gene, ponders his responsibility for the death of his best friend, Phineas or Finny. After reading Gene’s account of the events that led to Finny’s death the reader may observe that there are three people who are all partially at fault for Finny’s death. Gene, a classmate named Brinker, and Phineas all had something to do with the incident, but who was most re sponsible for it?Gene is probably the most obvious to blame for part of Phineas’ death. Gene clearly feels guilty, that is why he returns to the tree fifteen years after the fact, for some sort of closure. As Gene and Finny were about to jump from a tree branch into the river together, Gene shook the branch causing Phineas to fall into the river unexpectedly and hurt his leg. Later on, when Phineas re-injured his leg and was having it set in a routine operation, he passed away. The doctor said that it was probably because some marrow entered his blood stream and caused his heart to stop. But if Finny had never fallen in the first place he would have not been on that operating table. Therefore, indirectly an action of Genes eventually resulted in Finny’s death. But was this action done consciously? The author does not specify. â€Å"My knees were bent and I jounced the limb†(Knowles p.52) says Gene in his account of the incident. â€Å"I jounced† is an act ive verb but â€Å"were bent† is passive meaning that some unknown force bent Gene’s knees and as a result of that he jounced the limb. Since this action was not totally Gene’s he is not thus totally responsible for the fall or the events that occurred as a result of it. Brinker, Gene and Finny’s classmate was responsible for the circumstances that lead to Phineas’ second fall. Brinker suspected that Gene was responsible for Finny’s first fall and begrudged him somewhat for not enlisting in the army with him when he had wanted to. It was Brinker who called together the trial in which Gene was prosecuted for purposely causing Finny to fall off the tree. But even if Gene was to blame for Finny’s first fall, it was not necessary to drag Finny out of bed in the middle of the night and put him through such emotional turmoil when he was still physically vulnerable from the accident. If Brinker had not organized the trial Finny would have never rushed out in such an upset manner causing him to fall and hurt himself again. The doctor was not sure why Phineas died. â€Å"In the middle of it his heart just stopped. I can’t explain it.†(Knowles p.185) He said. Later on the doctor conjectured that Phineas probably died when marrow entered his blood circulation and clogged his heart but Gene meant the world to Finny. The idea Brinker introduced to Phineas that his best friend would betray him hurt Phineas severely and maybe even caused him to loose the will to live. Brinker’s actions were crucial to Finny’s death and since they were done with cruel intentions Brinker is largely responsible for the death of his classmate. .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d , .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d .postImageUrl , .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d , .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d:hover , .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d:visited , .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d:active { border:0!important; } .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d:active , .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u88f7c20373ddcb908a39012c186a8b8d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dinquent EssaySurprisingly enough Finny is partly responsible for his own death. He knew that jumping off the tree into the river was dangerous hence the name of the club â€Å"Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session†(Knowles p.24) whose membership requirement was one jump from the tree. Also, if not for Finny Gene wouldn’t even have come to the meeting the night of the accident, Gene wanted to stay in the dorm and study but Finny used reverse psychology in order to convince him to come. Lastly, it was also Finny’s idea that they jump together rather then alone, risking the possibility that the movement of one could cause the other to loose his bal ance. If not for any of these incidents Finny would never have fallen to begin with, Gene’s trial would never have taken place, and he would not have found himself on that operating table. This makes Finny largely responsible for his first fall and partly responsible for his death. In conclusion although none of them were conscious that their actions would eventually lead to Finny’s death, Gene, Brinker, and Finny were all partly responsible for it. The one most to blame however was Finny himself, starting a club in which jumping off the tree into the river was a membership requirement was the first in the series of events that eventually lead to his death. If Finny had not done this none of the incidents which Gene and Brinker were at fault for would have ever had reason to take place. Consequently, the person most to blame for the death of Phineas was Phineas himself. As the song goes: â€Å"It is of no surprise to me, I am my own worst enemy.†(Lit Place in the Sun)Book Reports

Essay on How to Apply to Medical School

Essay on How to Apply to Medical School The timeline of admissions for medical schools varies from school to school. Make sure you prepare well in advance. Here is a timeline of the things that need to be done before you get admitted. Get ready for all the pre-med requirements, exams and applications and essays on time. First Year Academics One year of general chemistry, calculus and biology.One semester of English.Other introductory major requirements.Begin your personal exploration of different medical specialties. Extracurriculars Get a part-time job, start internship or volunteer in a health care setting.Think of joining student organizations, pre-med clubs or academic societies.Review course requirements, create your pre-med plan and discuss it with your advisor. Applications Continue exploring medicine. Is becoming a doctor right for you? Write down your goals, both academic and personal.Choose a professor who you would like to be your mentor and start building relationships. Sophomore Year Academics One year of organic chemistry.One semester of sociology or psychology.Introductory major requirements. Extracurriculars Reflect whether your experience received during your first year was positive. Keep going if you are satisfied with your choice.If your first-year experience was not as enjoyable as you expected, find a new academic challenge immediately. Applications Start looking for suitable medical school programs (preferably toward the end of your sophomore year).Make sure you continue building a rapport with those professors who can write recommendations for you. Fall of Junior Year Academics One year of physics and biochemistry.Start major course work (upper division).Do further research of med schools in order to find the one, which is the most suitable for your academic needs. Applicaions Write down briefly about yourself and your achievements. Provide this info to the person who will write a recommendation letter for you. MCAT Start preparing for MCAT. Take it seriously and work hard on related subjects. You can take the MCAT practice test, which is free.Visit www.aamc.org and register for the MCAT. The fee is applicable; re-scheduling and other services are available. Spring of Junior Year Academics Start working on personalstatement.Continue your major course work. Application Prep April is the time to request applications fromnon-AMCAS med schools.Collect recommendation letters, which you will send next year in September. MCAT Before mid-May, take the MCAT. The results should be ready in June.In case you are not happy with your score, reflect on what can be improved and register for the next examination test. Summer before Senior Year Applications Complete your AMCAS application and create a final list of med schools you are going to apply to.The primary application process can start in April and should be completed by June. All application materials must be submitted no later than September.Look for options of available financial help. MCAT In case you did nottake the MCAT yet or plan to re-take this exam, make sure to pass the test atthe beginning of the summer. Senior Year Academics Complete the remaining pre-med or major/university requirements.If you have an opportunity, take graduate-level courses in pharmacology, physiology, histology, anatomy or other medically related subjects.Learn as much as you can about the establishments to which you applied.Be prepared to write some essays for the schools, which liked your application. Applications Submit the FAFSA.Begin preparation for the interviews, which usually take place in fall and winter.Stay calm during the interview stage and wait for the acceptance (or rejection) letter. Schools start notifying applicants beginning in mid-October and continuing through spring. Summer Typically, classes start in August so now it’s time to relax. In case you didn’t get in, you will need to use this time to reflect on your career choice or start preparing for the application process next year.

Vygotskys Sociocultural Theory and Hong Kong Essay Example

Vygotskys Sociocultural Theory and Hong Kong Essay Example Vygotskys Sociocultural Theory and Hong Kong Paper Vygotskys Sociocultural Theory and Hong Kong Paper Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory focused on the affect of the surroundings, namely the culture, peers, and adults, on the developing child. Vygotsky proposed the â€Å"zone of proximal development† (ZPD) to explain the influence of the cultural context. ZPD refers to the range of tasks which a child cannot finish alone since they are too difficult, but such tasks can be completed with guidance and aid from more-skilled individuals. The lower limit of ZPD is the level of skill that the children can reach alone, and the upper limit of ZPD is the level of skill that the children can reach with guidance from a more skilled individual, such as teachers, parents and more-skilled peers. Imagine a child is having difficulty writing book reports. With suitable aid from teachers and parents, this child can improve in writing book reports and eventually he/she can finish a detailed book report after reading on his own. In this example, the upper limit of the ZPD is to finish a book report and the assistance provided by the adults is called scaffolding. The assistance provided by the more-skilled individuals will act as a scaffolding to help the children to develop into their upper limit of ZPD. As the children are making progress, the assistance will gradually reduce and removed when the children can complete the task in their upper limit of ZPD on their own. Vygotsky also emphasized on the importance of language in a child’s development. The use of language by children to self-regulate is called private speech. According to Vygotsky, private speech, which Piaget deemed egocentric and immature, is crucial during early childhood years as children use it for planning, guiding and monitoring their actions and help them finish tasks. Vygotsky suggested that children who use private speech will be more socially competent as children must be experienced in using language to communicate with others before making the transition from external to internal speech. In the past, the main emphasis of education of Hong Kong is to get good grades in public exams, as they provide more opportunity towards success. This results in schools focusing on instructing knowledge to students like feeding chickens in a farm and doesn’t really care whether the students understand the knowledge instructed or not. This exam-oriented style of education ignores the students’ development as a whole, and generates many graduates with good grades in school and struggled in workplace. The old educational style of Hong Kong seems not to fit with Vygotsky’s theory. Nowadays, the emphasis of education in Hong Kong seems to be starting to shift from instructing knowledge to assisting students to construct knowledge. As teachers will not only instruct knowledges, but also guides students in finishing tasks such as laboratory exercises and group projects. This implies the ZPD as teachers will now try to dig students’ potential and help students to reach them. Peer mentors are also very common in secondary schools nowadays. Senior form students will volunteer or be recruited by teachers to assist junior form students to finish assignments or group projects. Cross-age mentoring is more common than same-age mentoring. Same-age mentoring will only occur in class, as students with better understanding on the subject will help explain the concepts to other students and assist them in finishing in-class assignments. The peer mentors are suggested to adjust the amount of guidance according to the progress of the tutees. This implies the scaffolding concept and that culture is important in learning as the tutees are making progress, the peer mentors will reduce the amount of assistance by allowing the tutee to think on his own. Also, the mentors can act as a guide to the tutees so that the tutees can learn from both the teachers and peer mentors. This can also stimulate thinking and the mentors can learn from tutoring as well. The idea of private speech is not very popular in Hong Kong, as children exercising it will be deemed stupid and immature, and parents will feel embarassed and think their children have mental issues. In Hong Kong, a â€Å"good† child should be quiet when working. Therefore, the use of private speech when working on tasks are not encouraged. Students in Hong Kong are now encouraged to take part in various activities such as field trips and museum visits. These activities implies the key concept of Vygotsky’s theory: the importance of culture in learning by creating simulations of real-world circumstances and help students to construct the knowledge the teacher desired. However, such activities are not very popular among Hong Kong students as they tend to think such activities as a waste of time and money. In Hong Kong, the culture emphasizes on creating good results with the least effort. This results in students attending expensive tutorials just to get desired grades and attend desired universities. It seems to me that all the effort from the Education Bureau and schools to turn an instructive, exam-oriented education ystem to a more constructive, all-rounded system are ineffective as the students consider this as redundant. It’s very common for students in Hong Kong to say things like â€Å"I prefer past papers to field trips† as past paper will help students get good grades but field trips won’t. To conclude, implications of Vygotsky’s theory can be found in traditional schools in Hong Kong. In my opinion, the key concept of Vygotsky’s theory and other social constructivists’ theory is to stimulate thin kning and construct knowledge through sociocultural activities. This can definitely help students to develop a better understanding of knowledge and stimulate all-round development as a person. However, the education system in Hong Kong, even with addition of elements to exercise Vygotsky’s theory, is still very exam-oriented. This is mainly due to the reluctance of the students and teachers. As students find these additions of elements redundant and a waste of time, some teachers may also find these additional workload is tiring and ineffective.

Business - Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business - Business Strategy - Essay Example The company is responsible for day to day oversight of ongoing project to track the work performance. It needs to effectively manage the vendors as well as the traders who are related to the project. General contractors provide wide range of services to the clients for a tendered fee and a possible duration of completion of the project under an authorised contract for proposed services. Contractor can charge the fees for its services by hour of work basis, by day or lump sum basis. They generally ask for payment from the clients after completion of each part of the whole project or they can charge in pre-mentioned work duration. General contractors take contracts of new project as well as renovation of an old or damaged project. For this type of services they do an effective site visit fpo0r proper understandings of the current situation of the project which is essential for the projection of required work on that project as well as to estimate the overall cost for the renovation. In the process of estimating the total cost of a project they consider the cost of required raw materials as well as the labour and other possible costs. All these are mentioned in detail in the budget. General contractors who work for government agencies are referred as prime contractor. For a business owner perspective, they hired contractor than a group of permanent employees to get the cost advantage. Contractors provide services in a competitive rate as there is also huge competition in contracting market. Apart from this, the client can release the contractor after one project and they do not need to provide training. Subcontractor Subcontractor works under main contractor and their task and obligations are assigned by the main contractor. In a complex project or a long term project, the main contractor generally hire subcontractor to complete different part of the project. Subcontractors are generally expertise of a particular type of work for project and this they are hired by the main contractor for effective completion of the total work. When a wide range of capabilities are required for a project then subcontracting become very useful. The subcontracting part of a project is generally not under the core competencies of the main contractor and for this reason it may assist to the main contractor in diversifying the overall risk and keeping costs under control. So the general contractor receives a better service from the subcontractor which it could not have provided by itself at a lower risk. Many subcontractor works for same companies which allow them to become specialised in a particular skill. In UK, there need to respond to the frequently changing environment and to service a diverse areas of the infrastructure. It has encouraged the subcontractor community for the flexible and diversified work and they have been providing specialised skills and expertise to many general contractor companies (Wrigleys Solicitors LLP, 2009). Financial Analysis for r ecommendation Table 1: Balance sheet of the company LIABILITIES Amount(?) ASSETS Amount(?) Issued(fully paid up) share Capital 200 Fixed Assets 100000 Revenue Reserves 60000 Depreciation 5000 Loans 200000 Â   95000 Overdraft 120000 Stock and work-in-progress 400000 Estimated Tax payable 20000 Debtors 100000 Trade Creditors 195000 Cash 200 Balance 595200 Â   595200 Table 2: Profit and loss statement of the company Particulars Amount(?) Amount(?) Sales

Wise Blood By Flannery OConnor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wise Blood By Flannery OConnor - Essay Example For instance, Motes has the character of a martyr, despite spending most of his time trying to run away from God. As a child, Haze was convinced he could avoid Jesus if he avoided committing sins. When this does not seem to work, he becomes determined to convert to nothing. Motes cannot go to any place without people mistaking him for a preacher, no matter his actions. Nevertheless, the key purpose of the novel is to show that here is an exploration of repercussions of the decision made by Motes after deciding to reject God. Sin and forgiveness, as a theme is clearly depicted in almost all the characters, in the novel. When Motes pursues the new prophet, Solace Layfield, Motes rams his car and runs over him. Right before Layfield dies; he confesses his sins, including the fact that the car was stolen and asks Jesus for help. This scene serves to the give the novel a moralistic lesson. Readers learn that it is difficult to deny Christ’s salvation in both life and death; in deat h, Layfield does not resist Christ’s presence and asks for forgiveness. The idea in his mind, that, Jesus would have sacrificed his life for every sinner â€Å"in ten million deaths† (p.10), haunts Motes. Motes later comes to a conclusion that he does not believe in such beliefs as evidenced in the text; â€Å"There was already a deep black wordless conviction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ .... The author indicates that Motes soon realized that he was not supposed to watch a naked lady, let alone one in a casket, as it was sinful to do so. Motes punished himself for his actions. O’Connor also quotes for her readers, on her views on sin; â€Å"You can tell people better how terrible sin is if you know from your own personal experience.† (O’Connor 15). It is evident that the author is sending the message; sexuality is sinful. The figure of Christ is the other theme, in the novel. O’Connor informs her readers that before Motes decided to join the army, he wanted to become a preacher. Motes goes home only to avoid Jesus who appears in his mind numerous times. As the author explains, no matter what Motes does Jesus moves "†¦from tree to tree in the back of his mind, a wild, ragged figure motioning him..."(O’Connor 47). It is a figure that reminds Motes he is in dire need of salvation. Hazel Motes returns to the small town only to establish the â€Å"Church without Christ†. Hawk, a preacher in the town informs Motes that he will never run away from Jesus, but despite being told this, Motes still believes that Jesus does not exist. This is evidenced when he says â€Å"I’m going to preach a new church; the church of truth without Jesus Christ Crucified (O’Connor 28). O’Connor’s assertion of the figure of Christ is also depicted through the use of signs. When Motes drives all the way into the country, he stops and sees a sign that says â€Å"†¦Jesus Saves†. This emphasizes the fact that Motes cannot escape Jesus Christ, despites all the efforts used. The working of God’s grace in a person’s life is also another key theme in Wise Blood. O’Connor’s concept of Grace in the central character, Hazel Motes, is strongly enforced

Never Ever Give Up on Life Essay Example for Free

Never Ever Give Up on Life Essay Never ever give up on life! No matter how hard life gets. Everyday one is faced with problems, some are worse than others. Just because one thing in life goes wrong doesnt mean you are to stop and just shut the book. One is supposed to use that as a lesson and keep flipping pages on the book. God put us all on this Earth for a reason. Everyone was made to do a little or major change in this world. Throughout those obstacles we face everyday is how people will insult us and try to bring our self-esteem down to the ground. But no dont let that happen, we are beautiful so dont let anyone tell you otherwise. Relationships! Thats another thing that can mess up a lot of peoples brain. Just because your boyfriend/girlfriend left you, doesnt give you the right to take your life away. You are worth much more than that. Trust me! God created a soulmate for all of us, but its on us to go out and search for it. Dont literally mean go flirt with a thousand people but talk to others get to know them better and determine what they really mean to you and where they stand at. But like I said giving up on life because your partner left you is not a great idea for he/she is happpily going on with their life. Dont you think if they actually felt a little remorse or something they wouldve maybe came back to you or even considered to apologize or something. So my only word of advice is never ever ever give up on life regardless of how bad the circumstance is.

Use of Aphorisms in Steinbecks The Winter of Our Discontent :: essays research papers

In John Steinbeck’s classic novel The Winter of Our Discontent, one can find many general truths and principles, also known as aphorisms. Ethan Allen Hawley, the main character, seems to gift the reader with another aphorism at the turn of every page, but some of these sayings may be considered more remarkable than others. One of the more noteworthy aphorisms is a statement made by Ethan at the end of chapter 6: â€Å"To be alive at all is to have scars†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While this may not be the theme that Steinbeck concentrates on the most, it is surely one of the most important. Ethan is the most prominent example of this, as he has suffered many misfortunes in his life. Every other mature character in the book also carries these emotional scars; scars on one’s morality, character, and soul. Perhaps what the author was trying to convey is that from the moment one is born, one knows pain and suffering. However, many of these wounds heal with time, and become the scars of the past. Ethan compares the scars that his lack of morality will bring to the scars that his failure has produced, but the truth is that these are not scars at all, but injuries that time will not heal, and conscience will only make worse. His wounds will never mend, they will weigh down on him until drastic measures must be taken to escape the constant reminders of what he has done. Ethan considers and then nearly commits suicide, but he realizes that n o matter what he has done, his daughter needs him above anything else. So he must go on living, scar after scar becoming layers upon layers of discontent on his heart.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every human being on earth accumulates scars of this nature. From errors made in the past come forth blemishes on the soul that serve as permanent reminders of one’s mistakes, and the scars provide maps to roads not to be taken again.

Learning machine Essay

The author believes that like a learning machine the human brain is capable of adapting anything new regardless of the age of the person. This she deduces this from a number of arguments in the form of research done from different points of view but all leading to her conclusion. The author is not describing other peoples’ opinions. Rather she uses their arguments as the premises to end at the conclusion that she states at the beginning of her excerpt. The author uses information on neural plasticity from presentation done by Gregg Recanzone using animals, Merzenich Michaels’ research on â€Å"shaping the machinery of our brains† using the elderly and   Alison Gopniks’ research on plasticity of the brain using children and the connection to the logic of imagination all from the University of California. Columbia University’s Walter Mischels’ discussion on the ability to control our desires based on the imaginations we put on them and Sir Michael Rutter of King’s college made a presentation of the effects of early institutional deprivation[1]. To arrive at the conclusion, the author used the data from done research as the premises to support her conclusion. Though the author does not use the solid research data to support her argument, she uses the findings of the research as her arguments. The research was done correctly. There are various experiments done where there was need for comparison. There was physical experimenting in the case of study. The author shows only one side of the issue. The author relies on isolated researches, which makes the findings reliable. The author makes a valid conclusion form the data that was well intended for showing that indeed the plasticity and changes in the brain is a life long process. At any time, the conclusions made should be based on concrete and sound arguments. Arguments based on facts or pre-proven researches are valid arguments. To make a conclusion, one needs to provide valid arguments that are in line with the conclusion to be made. The conclusion made should therefore be in tandem with the arguments presented to make a valid conclusion. This is because there can be a situation where there are valid arguments but an invalid conclusion. In the excerpt, the author has used valid arguments in the form done researches to arrive at the conclusion made. The conclusion is also valid. In making a good argument, there should be no assumptions made. In the excerpt, the argument that uses the animal species of a monkey to relate to the human situation is challengeable. Real research in the human context would have been the best line of action in the case study. The education sector in the United States today is a very good example. In the New York Times on 6th July 2010. The unions are accusing the government for â€Å"undermining public education†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Is the conclusion right? What is the basis of their conclusion? In the National Education Association’s convention that began on Saturday, there is no one from the Obama administration is set to speak in the convection. This is despite the previous two-year addresses that the president had made to them. They claim that they have not seen the change they hoped for from the government. â€Å"Today our members face the most anti-educator, anti-union, anti-student environment I have ever experienced,† Dennis Van Roekel, president of the union, the National Education Association, told thousands of members gathered at the convention center.[2] The angered teachers are being blamed for the prevailing situations in the public schools. There is a connection in the article and except, the teachers unions are deriving a conclusion from the arguments that I have briefly summarized among the many more in the article. The concept of using valid arguments to arrive at a conclusion is utilized here. Like any other animal man is no exception to nature. Nature requires that the species adapt to survive. The human brain is the control system of the human body, this makes it the first to respond to the changes and hence give directive to the whole body in order to survive. As we grow, the rate of responsiveness to changes will decrease. The brain is an organ in the human body, all the body tissues are subjected to wear and tear and old age makes the body not able to replace the worn out tissues as fast as before. Therefore, the brain will have worn out tissues that will make it unable to adapt as first as before. BIBLIOGRAPHY Dillon, Sam.2010. Teachers’ Union Shuns Obama Aides at Convention. The New York Times July 6th, 2010. Retrieved on 6th July 2010 http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/05/education/05teachers.html?_r=1&hpw Nelson, Leah.2006. A learning machine: Plasticity and change throughout life. Retrieved on July 6th, 2006 http://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/getArticle.cfm?id=2029 [1] Leah Nelson. 2006.   A learning machine: Plasticity and change throughout life. Retrieved on 6th July 2006   http://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/getArticle.cfm?id=2029   [2] Sam Dillon. 2010. Teachers’ Union Shuns Obama Aides at Convention. The New York Times 6th, July 2010. Retrieved on 6th July 2010 http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/05/education/05teachers.html?_r=1&hpw

Surveillance in America - 1325 Words

Orwell had a vision of a dystopia that had no freedom. His main goal was to picture â€Å"what might society be like when his son is his age, if the injustice and suffering he had witnessed during WWII continued unchecked† (Agathocleous 7)? He was concerned for the welfare of his son. Wanting to make sure his son would grow up and not worry about things that he is given from birth. Orwell accuracy in his notions So, when asked about his dystopia Orwell’s only response was â€Å"a dark terrifying vision of a world without freedom†. (Agathocleous 7) A world without freedom is hard to imagine seeing that the majority of all living things thrive from freedom. Big Brothers tries to squelch the people of Oceania’s freedom which then causes the American†¦show more content†¦The court complimented the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 which gave the court â€Å"the power to review petitions made by telecommunication companies.† The com panies were trying to keep their customers happy. With all the new ways of being watched and spied on people were getting complaints; therefore they wanted the ability to keep all phone records from the government without due cause. The easiest most effective way to keep the records confidential was to make sure the police have a warrant to receive the records. In 1984 the Thought Police found no need for search warrants they just search and seize. There is no limit on what the Thought Police and Big brother have access to unlike the U.S. government.The prime objective of the FISC is to insure the citizens safety from terrorist attacks. Along with the court came special rules and laws they had to follow or even establish.The court had the right to stop any officer of the law from veering into the privacy of the people. Oceania had no such laws or rules. Everything was how Big Brother wants in the order and time frame of his choosing. Being completely alone can never truly be achieve d. Someone somewhere is tuning into all the things personal. No matter where, no matter the time, the person, or place constant surveillance is a guarantee. â€Å"A party member lives from birth to death under the eye of the thought police. Even whenShow MoreRelatedEssay on Government Surveillance in America2497 Words   |  10 Pagesa myriad of restrictions in surveilling common civilians--all in the name of security and efficiency. This newly-developed form of governance has been termed â€Å"The National Surveillance State.† Amongst the citizens of this country, there is a growing concern for the issue of privacy with such a pervasive form of surveillance, as they feel that they are experiencing a severe infringement on rights that they had previously considered impenetrable. In order to address these concerns, Congress mustRead MoreSurveillance And Its Effects On America s Court System1214 Words   |  5 Pagesconcept of surveillance has become a frequently discuss ed topic as it has evolved into a catastrophic jumble. Numerous criminals have been convicted of charges where the court has used surveillance information to prove that the subject is guilty. While there have been some positives from the use of surveillance, there must be a limit or America may become overwhelmed by the severe amounts of surveillance. For our safety and security it is ideal to allow government officials access to surveillance programsRead MoreThe Effects Of Digital Surveillance On The United States Of America Essay1942 Words   |  8 Pagesthe privacy within their hand held, pocket devices. A complex web of opinions surround the controversial topic of accessibility regarding personal technology. 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